{"id":14806,"date":"2021-03-13T10:12:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-13T09:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.crfj.org\/?p=14806"},"modified":"2021-11-17T09:00:12","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T08:00:12","slug":"table-ronde-amis-voisins-ennemis-histoire-culturelle-des-relations-entre-juifs-et-arabes-en-palestine-israel-19e-21e-s-4-mai-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/table-ronde-amis-voisins-ennemis-histoire-culturelle-des-relations-entre-juifs-et-arabes-en-palestine-israel-19e-21e-s-4-mai-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"TABLE-RONDE (par zoom ET en public) : \u00ab\u00a0Amis, voisins, ennemis : Histoire culturelle des relations entre Juifs et Arabes en Palestine \/ Israe\u0308l, 19e \u2013 21e\u00a0s.\u00a0\u00bb (mardi 4 mai 2021)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00ab<strong class=\"\">Friends, Neighbors, Foes: A cultural history of Jewish-Arab relations in Palestine \/ Israel, 19th-21st cent.<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Captation vid\u00e9o de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_vEErgtYpt0\">\u00e0 visionner ici<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tuesday 4<sup>th<\/sup> May 2021<\/strong> &#8211; 17:00-18:30 (Paris time) &#8211; 18:00-19:30 (Jerusalem time) &#8211; Via zoom and also at the offices of the CRFJ &#8211; 3 Shimshon St., Jerusalem (with mask, green pass and pre-registration at the following address : <a href=\"mailto:crfj@cnrs.fr\">crfj@cnrs.fr<\/a>) &#8211; The roundtable will be conducted in English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Full&nbsp;access to the&nbsp;review :&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/revues.mshparisnord.fr\/rhc\/\">https:\/\/revues.mshparisnord.fr\/rhc\/<\/a> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Zoom link here: <a href=\"https:\/\/us02web.zoom.us\/j\/88040825151?pwd=ZVpSZFpKbDVGb3hRLzNiYWphWEVrQT09\">https:\/\/us02web.zoom.us\/j\/88040825151?pwd=ZVpSZFpKbDVGb3hRLzNiYWphWEVrQT09<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.crfj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Affiche_04_mai.pdf\">Voir l&rsquo;affiche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Introduction&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p1\">L\u2019approche dominante concernant l\u2019histoire des relations entre Juifs et Arabes en Palestine\/Isra\u00ebl a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par trois caract\u00e9ristiques structurantes. Tout d\u2019abord, la vision d\u2019une \u00ab&nbsp;soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9doubl\u00e9e&nbsp;\u00bb, qui postulait que les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s juive et arabe \u00e9taient des entit\u00e9s totalement s\u00e9par\u00e9es, repli\u00e9es sur elles-m\u00eames et hostiles l\u2019une \u00e0 l\u2019autre, dont le principal mode d\u2019interaction \u00e9tait le conflit, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement violent. L\u2019accent \u00e9tait donc mis sur les relations de pouvoir entre les deux mouvements nationaux \u2013 sioniste et palestinien. Par ailleurs, les deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9taient analys\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on surplombante, en examinant principalement les profils de leurs leaders politiques, diplomatiques et militaires, et en s\u2019attardant sur les \u00e9pisodes de confrontation. Les historiens qui adoptaient cette perspective consid\u00e9raient que les deux communaut\u00e9s \u00e9taient monolithiques et que les fronti\u00e8res entre elles \u00e9taient parfaitement \u00e9tanches. Enfin, derni\u00e8re caract\u00e9ristique, la guerre de 1948 \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un \u00e9v\u00e9nement non seulement fondateur pour la p\u00e9riode suivante, mais \u00e9galement comme un \u00ab&nbsp;\u00e9v\u00e8nement \u2013 pivot&nbsp;\u00bb qui d\u00e9terminait y compris l\u2019angle des recherches sur la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, ayant d\u00e9but\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin du dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle avec la premi\u00e8re vague d\u2019immigration sioniste en provenance d\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est. Comme la R\u00e9volution pour l\u2019histoire de la France du dix-huiti\u00e8me si\u00e8cle ou la Shoah pour celle des relations entre Allemands et Juifs, la guerre de 1948 a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un in\u00e9vitable&nbsp;<em class=\"\">accomplissement<\/em>, qui projetait son ombre sur la p\u00e9riode ant\u00e9rieure en la r\u00e9interpr\u00e9tant de fa\u00e7on univoque. Dans une moindre mesure, les guerres qui suivirent \u2013 celles de 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982 et les deux Intifada \u2013 devinrent \u00e9galement des balises famili\u00e8res entre lesquelles l\u2019histoire des relations Juifs-Arabes naviguait en ligne droite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p2\">Cependant, au cours des vingt derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, une nouvelle perspective a peu \u00e0 peu \u00e9merg\u00e9, visant \u00e0 \u00e9tudier les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s juive et arabe en Palestine\/Isra\u00ebl comme des entit\u00e9s aux fronti\u00e8res poreuses et mouvantes, \u00e9videmment structur\u00e9es par des syst\u00e8mes de confrontation mais \u00e9galement par des logiques de coop\u00e9ration ou de transaction. Cette approche dite \u00ab&nbsp;relationnelle&nbsp;\u00bb a en particulier mis l\u2019accent sur les interactions horizontales et locales, pour enrichir et complexifier les approches privil\u00e9giant les divisions verticales et les cat\u00e9gories d\u2019analyse reli\u00e9es aux identifications nationales. Cette nouvelle tendance a mis en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de chaque soci\u00e9t\u00e9, et l\u2019analyse de ces diverses lignes de fracture sociales, religieuses ou ethniques a permis d\u2019entrevoir des situations de contacts voire des opportunit\u00e9s de v\u00e9ritables alliances transnationales, en particulier sur des enjeux de genre, de classe ou de langues. Logiquement, ces nouvelles recherches ont privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tude de ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00ab&nbsp;par en bas&nbsp;\u00bb, avec une attention particuli\u00e8re port\u00e9e aux gens ordinaires \u2013 paysans, artisans, ouvriers, commer\u00e7ants \u2013 et aux diff\u00e9rents domaines de la vie quotidienne, des loisirs et de la culture populaire. Ce changement de paradigme a \u00e9galement motiv\u00e9 une nouvelle approche concernant les sources, en se tenant \u00e0 distance ou en r\u00e9interrogeant les documentations officielles et institutionnelle d\u00e9pos\u00e9es dans les archives nationales et militaires, et en cherchant \u00e0 valoriser des sources moins visibles et jusqu\u2019ici moins travaill\u00e9es, comme des ouvrages ou des rapports ethnographiques, des ego-documents de statuts divers, et des t\u00e9moignages visuels. Finalement, la perspective t\u00e9l\u00e9ologique a fait place \u00e0 une approche plus exploratoire, capable de rendre compte des voies alternatives et des exp\u00e9riences r\u00e9ussies ou inabouties, sans les \u00e9valuer \u00e0 travers un prisme r\u00e9trospectif et en valorisant le point de vue des acteurs en tant qu\u2019agents de leur propre histoire.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p3\">Le pr\u00e9sent dossier cherche \u00e0 contribuer \u00e0 cette nouvelle perspective \u00ab&nbsp;relationnelle&nbsp;\u00bb, en se focalisant sur les relations culturelles entre les deux communaut\u00e9s. Il couvre la p\u00e9riode entre la fin du dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle et le d\u00e9but du vingt-et-uni\u00e8me, sans \u00e9videmment pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 l\u2019exhaustivit\u00e9. Les articles traitent de domaines vari\u00e9s \u2013 loisirs, litt\u00e9rature, musique, th\u00e9\u00e2tre, philanthropie \u2013 mais tous s\u2019int\u00e9ressent aux interactions entre Juifs et Arabes et \u00e0 leurs efforts pour se comprendre eux-m\u00eames et pour se saisir de multiples \u00ab&nbsp;alt\u00e9rit\u00e9s culturelles&nbsp;\u00bb durant cette p\u00e9riode de mutations rapides. Tout en gardant \u00e0 l\u2019esprit que les relations culturelles sont constamment impr\u00e9gn\u00e9es de relations de pouvoir, les articles rassembl\u00e9s ici montrent que les relations entre Juifs et Arabes en Palestine\/Isra\u00ebl ne se limitent pas \u00e0 une hostilit\u00e9 r\u00e9ciproque et \u00e0 des conflits r\u00e9currents, mais qu\u2019elles se tissent aussi de coop\u00e9rations et de tentatives de vivre ensemble. Si ces tentatives se sont souvent sold\u00e9es par des \u00e9checs, une \u00ab&nbsp;histoire des possibles&nbsp;\u00bb tend \u00e0 prouver que les d\u00e9convenues d\u2019une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peuvent aussi devenir les ferments de tentatives \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p1\"><strong>Introduction&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p1\">For a long period, the dominant approach to the history of Jewish-Arab relations in Palestine\/Israel was characterized by three main features. First, a \u201cdual society\u201d perspective, which assumed that Jewish and Arab societies were separate, self-contained and mutually hostile entities whose main mode of interaction was often-violent conflict. This outlook therefore placed primary focus on the Zionist and Palestinian national movements. Second, both societies were studied \u201cfrom above\u201d, through the examination of their political leaders, diplomats and military men, and emphasis on their confrontations. Historians who adopted this view assumed that each society was monolithic, and that the boundaries between the two were clear-cut. Finally, the 1948 War was marked as a momentous event that dictated the research agenda of the period beginning in the late nineteenth century, with the first wave of Zionist immigration from Eastern Europe. Like the French Revolution in the history of eighteenth-century France, or the Holocaust in the history of German-Jewish relations, the 1948 War became an inevitable telos that cast a long shadow over the preceding period, painting it in a single color. To a lesser extent, the wars that followed \u2013 those of 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982 and the two Intifadas \u2013 also became important anchorages between which the history of Jewish-Arab relations sailed in a straight line.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p2\">Over the past twenty years, however, another perspective has slowly emerged, which examines Jewish and Arab societies as entities with porous, constantly shifting boundaries that have not only fought but also cooperated with one another. This \u201crelational\u201d view has placed emphasis not on vertical division and national identity but rather on horizontal interaction and local patriotism. It has adopted the assumption that each society was heterogeneous, and at times deeply divided along class, religious and ethnic lines \u2013 a dynamic that enabled cross-national connections and alliances, notably around issues of gender, class and language. Proponents of this perspective prefer to study these societies \u201cfrom below\u201d, dedicating special attention to common people \u2013 peasants, artisans, industrial workers, shopkeepers \u2013 and to the domains of everyday life, leisure, and popular culture. This shift also demands a new kind of historical sources, which extend beyond the official documents deposited in state and military archives and include diverse, less familiar sources such as ethnographic records, various ego documents, and visual images. Lastly, the teleological view of history has been replaced with an approach that explores roads not taken and alternative \u2013 failed or successful \u2013 experiences, without scrutinizing them through the lens of hindsight. This approach does not regard wars as inevitable outcomes, and looks at historical processes through the eyes of their participants, working to understand their points of view as historical agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p3\">The present file aims to contribute to this new, \u201crelational\u201d approach while focusing on the cultural relations between the two societies. It covers the period between the late nineteenth century and early twenty first century, but does not presume to be exhaustive. The articles it includes concern varied domains \u2013 leisure, literature, music, theatre, philanthropy \u2013 but all focus on the interaction between Jews and Arabs and their attempts to make sense of themselves and their cultural counterparts during this period of rapid change. While taking into consideration that cultural relations are imbued with power relations, these articles demonstrate that Jewish-Arab relations in Palestine\/Israel were not solely characterized by mutual hostility and recurrent conflict, but also by cooperation and efforts to lead a shared life. Although such attempts were often unsuccessful, a \u201chistory of possibilities\u201d tends to show that the impasse of one generation could become a source of inspiration for future generations.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00abFriends, Neighbors, Foes: A cultural history of Jewish-Arab relations in Palestine \/ Israel, 19th-21st cent.\u00bb Captation vid\u00e9o de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement, \u00e0 visionner ici Tuesday 4th May 2021 &#8211; 17:00-18:30 (Paris time) &#8211; 18:00-19:30 (Jerusalem time) &#8211; Via zoom and also at the offices of the CRFJ &#8211; 3 Shimshon St., Jerusalem (with mask, green pass and pre-registration [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14806"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14806"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14926,"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14806\/revisions\/14926"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crfj.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}